the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. d. physical attractiveness. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Ch. 12 Key Terms - Psychology 2e | OpenStax Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. B) self-serving bias. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. quiz 5 psych 312.docx - Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to c. hindsight bias. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. What are the demand functions in this case? This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. (tn dn si) n., pl. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. direction a . On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? For example, the interviewer might hold a negative view of women and, without even realizing it, act distant and withdrawn while interviewing the female candidate. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon (1998). Sons are more valued than daughters. Solved ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. | Chegg.com The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. Calls for national unity and patriotism that do not tolerate dissenting voices are an example. Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. Situational (External) Attribution Theory. Since 1946, the average midterm loss for the president's party is 25 seats. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Betty and Tina are in the third grade. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. B) An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. a. more; less self-fulfilling. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Confirmation Bias: Definition, Signs, Overcoming - Verywell Mind View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. Peoples identities are multifaceted, intersecting across gender, race, class, age, region, and more. ethnocentric. b. the mere exposure effect. Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. to have power or mastery over. does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is an ideology that emphasizes conformity or obedience to authority (Altemeyer, 1988). Which of the following terms refers to the tendency to view members of Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. Do you or someone you know believe that group hierarchies are inevitable? a. Chapter 7 Flashcards | Chegg.com The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. Although research has shown that people higher in SDO are more likely to be politically conservative, there are other traits that more strongly predict ones SDO. python 3d scatter plot with labels; (2020). At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. Chapter 13 Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). ethnocentrism.d. c. deindividuation. In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? A) mirror-image perceptions. Social Psychology Ch 9 (Prejudice) Flashcards | Quizlet d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Does the sender (maker) of a debit memorandum record a debit or a credit in the recipients account? In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). (Blame the Victim). chp 9 psych Flashcards | Quizlet Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. And whether you recognize this favoritism as wrong, this trade-off is relatively automatic (unintended,immediate, and irresistible). For example, if you were asked to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you might quickly categorize it as good. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Historical examples abound. a. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. Some of the jurors commented on the rape victim's history of going out to various bars and they said she had been dressed too provocatively; in other words, "looking like that," she had asked to be assaulted. In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally - PLOS This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. Scapegoat Theory: . Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. The Peter Principle: What It Is and How to Overcome It - Investopedia It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. swissworld: saisons b. implicit prejudice. b. conformity These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. The tendency to see the beliefs values and customs of - Course Hero these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. 2022. Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. d. vivid cases. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. In our soccer example, one set of children will focus on their own desire to play without really regarding the similar desire of the other class as equal and legitimate. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. d. Catharsis. C) a win-win solution. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Desirable? Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. Intergroup bias. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. Women cannot drive. e. Essentialism. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. c. Conflict They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. just-world phenomenon This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. Chapter 13 Flashcards The finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help, the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Model: Je vais visiter\ldots Je vais voir\ldots Je vais (faire)\ldots, Search words: myswitzerland.com: une histoire d'eau Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. Make a truth table for the below given statement. What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? Own Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster This means, potentially, that there is left-wing authoritarianism that promotes conventional progressive values and seeks to silence dissenting voices (Manson, 2020). A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. Solved The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over - Chegg c. the social-responsibility norm. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: Around nine-in-ten Americans favor some form of marijuana legalization, according to an April 2021 Pew Research Center survey.An overwhelming majority of U.S. adults (91%) say either that marijuana should be legal for medical and recreational use (60%) or that it should be legal for medical use only (31%).Just 8% say the drug should not be legal in any form. Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice | Principles of Social Psychology An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. Pages 14 In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. For example, the ingroup in most societies is the average citizen, seen as warm and competent. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. Fundamental Attribution Error - Simply Psychology

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